The germination of pollen grain in artificial culture in ephedra foliata boiss. The epidermis of internodes and leaves shows longitudinal rows of cells and stomata. Ephedra foliata d gnetum latifolia c indusium a leaf bearing sporangia is called as ramentum b sporophyll d sorus d impressions fossils in which internal structures are best preserved are compressions b petrifications c incrustations the rhynian flora is best seen in a carboniferous period b silurian period c triassic period. In present study effect of different concentrations of plant growth regulator on nodal sector explants was checked for.
The genus ephedra of the ephedraceae family contains more than 60. Media in category ephedra ciliatathe following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Data represent the mean of seven replicates and data followed by. Dashavatara stotra in kannada free download as pdf file. Some dozen or so species occur in the western united states, with three ephedra viridis, ephedra cutleri, ephedra torreyana common in the four corners area. This discovery reveals new but now extinct meristem diversity in carboniferous plants. It is known for its potential to cure many diseases. The content of ne, pe, e and me expressed in mgg dry weight in the analyzed ephedra sp. Leaves up to 101540 mm long including the ciliate sheath. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ephedra. Ephedra gerardiana is a species of ephedra, endemic to the mountains of afghanistan, bhutan, northern india, nepal, pakistan, sikkim, tajikistan, and tibet. Ephedra ephedra sinica plant profiler sigmaaldrich. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in ephedra foliata.
Ephedra viridis is the most common ephedra in our area, but any one of the three. Ephedra species contain alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine. Ephedra is dioecious, and the two sex organs are present on different plants. American species are believed to be devoid of them. Stock cultures were maintained on lower concentration of 2,4d 1 ppm.
Pdf in india, medicinal plants have traditionally occupied an important place in the sociocultural, spiritual and health related. Ephedrinetype alkaloid content of nutritional supplements. Review of literature shows different content of total. Stems pale green, yellowing with age, with many longitudinal grooves, internode length 15 cm. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ephedra gerardiana. Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative. For sem the acetolyzed pollen were dehydrated in an acetone series, mounted on metal. The ephedrines are present in most eurasian ephedra species, but are more abundant in the chinese species. For light microscopy lm the acetolyzed pollen grains were mounted in glycerin jelly. General information about ephedra foliata epefo southern mediterranean, western asia, indian peninsula, saharan and eastern africa. Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, ephedraceae, and order, ephedrales. Ephedra tribe scandentes by otto stapf in noted as a typical component of different types of thorn savanna in semiarid and arid climates freitag and maierstolte shrubby horsetail ephedra foliata, ephedra ciliata, local name alanda growing on bushes of ziziphus in a depression in al harrarah. Meyer gerards jointfir, shan ling ma huang himalayas, tibet, yunnan, siberia, central asia.
The epidermal structure of the leaf and stem of ephedra foliata boiss. This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus ephedra family ephedraceae the record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 332926 with original publication details. Ephedra commonly known as joint pine, joint fir, mormon tea or brigham tea is the only genus in family ephedraceae and order ephedrales. The female gametophyte of ephedra foliata was used as an explant for the production of haploids as it is composed of haploid cells, all of the same genotype. Ephedra the ephedra family, ephedraceae, has but one genus, ephedra. Effect of drought and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amf on the activity of a sucrose phosphate synthase, b acid phosphatase, and c alkaline phosphatase in ephedra foliata. Ephedra foliata lana gnetaceae dioecious much branched climbing shrub, common on sand or gravel or rocks fruits ovoidglobose, milky white, semitransparent, are eaten in scarcity januaryapril cucumis melo kachro cucurbitaceae common annual much branched prostate herb usually cylindrical, quite smooth, yellow or orange with. Shrubs with small deciduous leaves and green stems, erect or prostrate, to about 3 ft 0. Scientific assessment of ephedra species ephedra spp. Occasionally, an ovulate flower may be replaced by a staminal flower, and thus the strobilus becomes bisporangiate as in e. Access is allocated within two business days of purchase and lasts one year. In the nodes and the leaf bases the stomata are irregularly orientated.
The aim of this study was to measure the total alkaloids content tac, total phenolics content tpc, and total flavonoids content tfc and determine their relationship in dry herb of ephedra major. The medicinal significance of ephedra is based on the sympathomimetic properties of ephedrine e alkaloids. Embryos from mature seeds of ephedra foliata were excised and used as. The content of alkaloids was first determined in east asian ephedra species. Herbs known to contain caffeine include green tea, kola nut, guarana and yerba mate, while bitter orange is a stimulant. Utilisation of a simple and fast hplcuv method for. Et datasheet, et pdf, et data sheet, et manual, et pdf, et, datenblatt, electronics et, alldatasheet, free, datasheet. Please note that this is a trial program and may end. Well assume youre ok with this, but you can optout if you wish.
The preliminary phytochemical analysis of ephedra alata indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. Ephedra foliata is the only gymnosperm growing in this region. Ginklasipika han iucn an species komo diri gud kababarakan. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics tolerance expression to mitigate drought stress in ephedra foliata boiss. Ephedra californica and ephedra viridis contain pseudoephedrine, but no ephedrine adams jr. Ephedra equisetina, ephedra foliata, ephedra nevadensis, ephedra sinica, ephedra triandra, ephedra trifurca, ephedra viridis selected other species.
The various species of ephedra are widespread in many lands, native to southwestern north america, southern europe, northern africa, southwest and central asia, northern china and western south america in temperate climates, most ephedra species grow on shores or in sandy soils with. Gardner contribution from departments of pharmaceutics and pharmacy practice, college of pharmacy, university of arkansas for medical sciences, 4301 west markham street, slot 522, little. The regeneration of roots was dependent upon the presence of naa, while bap had a modifying effect. Pdf arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics. Ephedra should not be combined with other substances with a stimulant effect, such as caffeine and sudafed pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, as it may have an additive effect. Production of plantlets from the female gametophytes of. Ephedra contains the alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine isoephedrine, norpseudoephedrine cathine, norephedrine, methylephedrine, methylpseudoephedrine 8, tannins 9, and other constituents, including quinoline and 6hydroxykynurenic acid 10. The total alkaloids contents of ephedra foliata ephedrine and psudoephedrine were 0. The cellular organization of stem cells and differentiating cells is unique. Ephedra foliata also produced ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Ephedra products contain ephedra haulm or extracts of ephedra haulm and their ephedra alkaloid content differs widely. The present study was aimed at evaluating the crude extracts of ephedra gerardiana root and stem with different chemicals for antioxidant. Nutrient content of important fruit trees from arid zone.
Current science is a fortnightly journal published since 1932 by the current science association, bangalore india in collaboration with the indian academy of sciences. The aim of this study was to measure the total alkaloids content tac, total phenolics content tpc, and total flavonoids content tfc and determine their relationship in dry herb of ephedra major, ephedra distachya subsp. The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric, or elongated with thick or thin straight, arched, or slightly sinuous anticlinal walls. In addition to the typical fusion of a sperm nucleus and egg nucleus, a second fertilization.
Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about shrubby horsetail ephedra foliata supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database at daves garden. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ephedra gerardiana root and stem crude extract and fractions. Konar rn 1963 a haploid tissue from the pollen of ephedra foliata boiss. Plant usually scandent or almost decumbent, up to 2 m or more long, stems slightly disarticulating when dry, with white pith. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus ephedra sciencedirect. Ephedra foliata, with the common name shrubby horsetail, is a species of ephedra. The journal covers all branches of pureapplied science and technology such as physics, chemistry, life sciences, medicine, earth sciences, engineering and technology. Developmental analysis clearly indicates that double fertilization events, similar to those described ine. Pharmacological effects depend on the phytocomposition of individual ephedra species. The actual quantity may also differ considerably from that stated. The epidermal structure and development of stomata in vegetative and reproductive organs of ephedra foliata and gnetum ula is described.
Phototrans % 4dip vishaysemiconductors datasheet pdf data sheet tcet tce tc t cet et t 03 3 tcet et datasheet pdf download. The plant is native to western asia, the middle east, and central asia, from egypt to iran and india. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics tolerance. Fertilization inephedra trifurca was examined with a combination of light and fluorescence microscopy. In vitro multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration from male ephedra foliata. Ephedra foliata welwitschia mirabilis gnetum camporum juniperus polycarpos. This website uses cookies to improve your experience.
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